The House on Mango Street Essay - 1055 Words

As a young girl, Esperanza is a young girl who looks at life from experience of living in poverty, where many do not question their experience. She is a shy, but very bright girl. She dreams of the perfect home, with beautiful flowers and a room for everyone. When she moves to the house of Mango Street, reality is so different than the dream. In this story, hope (Esperanza) sustains tragedy. The house she dreamed of was another on. It was one of her own. One where she did not have to share a bedroom with everyone. That included her mother, father and two siblings. The run down tiny house has bricks crumbling in places. The one she dreamed of had a great big yard, trees and grass growing without a fence. She did not want to abandon†¦show more content†¦She sits at become afraid to go outside. The leave home, she would need permission. She evolves from a victim of child abuse to a slave-like wife. Esperanza sees this despair throughout her story. In My Name, She looked out the window her whole life, they way so many women sit, with their sadness on an elbow. Abuse to Rafaela, again subtle because she does not go out, in fear of husband. Poverty on Loomis, Keeler and Paulina; poverty is a way of life. The impact is for all generations, the parents who cannot get out, the children that see it and the little ones who cannot know any better. The opportunities are limited in the barrio. Esperanza was embarrassed when she pointed to her house there. There?, as if there was no place for a girl to live. But survival is instinctive and there is a certain amount of barrio pride Those who dont know any better come into our neighborhood scared. They think we are dangerous. They think we will attack them with shiny knives. They are stupid people who are lost and got here by mistake. The victim of being called a rice sandwich. Hurt by the sister superior as she points to a row of ugly houses reminding Esperanza of the sin of being poor. Machismo is something seen in the domestic situations throughout Hispanic people. The violence, the subservience that is expected and the men believe the women are second and are second class citizens. There role is to be domestic housekeepers and to birth children. Alicia makesShow MoreRelatedThe House On Mango Street861 Words   |  4 Pages The House on Mango Street The House on Mango Street,written by Sandra Cisneros, deals with a mexican girl named Esperanza, who grows up and dreams big in Chicago. Cisneros uses imagery, theme, and symbols to describe many things from Esperanza s perspective. Imagery is used to describe items and people in a meaningful way. Cisneros uses various themes to show various ideas and beliefs. The symbols used describe objects and figures to portray ideas on a deeper level. Cisneros employs unique literaryRead MoreThe House On Mango Street1802 Words   |  8 Pagesovercoming them. In The House on Mango Street the main character Esperanza is the one that narrates the story, she explains what it is like to live on Mango Street. She shows the readers that living on Mango Street is perceived as a terrible area, if one were looking from the outside in. But those that live there feel that they live in fair living conditions. The fact is most of the people who live on Mango Street don t know what it s like to live outsid e of mango street. In the story, they showRead MoreThe House On Mango Street2609 Words   |  11 Pagesin Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird and Esperanza in Sandra Cisneros’ The House on Mango Street experience the ideological maturity toward womanhood while encountering problems most do not face until adulthood. Living in conservative Alabama where racial tension is high, Scout must learn to be compassionate when her father Atticus Finch defends African-American Tom Robinson against a white woman. Growing up on Mango Street, an impoverished neighborhood of Chicago, Esperanza faces being a poor, coloredRead MoreHouse on Mango Street1087 Words   |  5 Pageschose a path of life. In â€Å"The House on Mango Street†, Esperanza is forced to think about leaving Mango Street in the future, because she is surrounded by women who are pushing her to become an adult.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first example is Cathy, who knows all the dangers of Mango Street. â€Å"She lives upstairs, over there, next door to Joe the baby – grabber. Keep away from him, she says. He is full of danger.† (Cisneros 12). Cathy tells her what to avoid on Mango Street, and about the people on it. AndRead MoreThe House on Mango Street600 Words   |  3 PagesThe short story by Sandra Cisneros revolves truly around the tittle â€Å"The House on Mango Street† and how her family moved from places to places to get there. The recollection of the street names her family lived on and how every time they moved â€Å"there’d be one more of us† added to the authors focus of emphasizing how important the word â€Å"home† meant to her throughout the story. The family of six included Mama, Papa, brothers Carlos and Kiki, and sister Nenny. According to the author’s memory, sheRead MoreThe House On Mango Street1290 Words   |  6 Pagesconscious catches up. Each generalization contains different factors, leaving the choice of what factors to leave in and which to leave out. Causing a difficult confrontation of what to believe and what to forget. In Sandra Cisneros’ novel, The House on Mango Street, the universal process of rapid cognition inherently affects stereotyping and discrimination perpetuating gender and racial inequality. Humans obtain the ability to quickly read facial expressions and generalize personality traits. This isRead MoreThe House on Mango Street1062 Words   |  5 PagesThe House on Mango Street Esperanza saw self definition as a struggle, the struggle for self-definition is a common theme, and in The House on Mango Street, Esperanza’s struggle to define herself underscores her every action and encounter. Esperanza must define herself both as a woman and as an artist and her perception of her identity changes over the course of the book. Esperanza portrayed a vivid picture to the audience of her surroundings, the people she encountered, and her interpretationRead MoreThe House On Mango Street1992 Words   |  8 Pagesare both there to show us who we are. The House on Mango Street is about a girl named Esperanza, and she is trying to find her place on mango street, and her place in life. Her life is impacted, in good ways and bad, by every person that she meets. We follow her, her family, her friends, and others in her journey of living on mango street, and experience her growing, developing, and experiencing the life made for her. In the book The House on Mango Stree t by Sandra Cisneros, we see a constant tensionRead More The House On MAngo Street953 Words   |  4 Pagesold people are constantly forming the essentials that affect their self-awareness through their daily activities. Forming one’s identity is an ongoing process, because every person in the world can change people one way or another. In The House on Mango Street, the experiences young Esperanza faced day to day develop her true individuality. Young people are easily persuaded and if someone so desired, they could mold them into the person they want. Commonly, young children develop their identityRead MoreThe House on Mango Street1195 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernments, individuals, and communities would be radically transformed. While this is a beautiful image, communities will never fully reach this aspiration. Sandra Cisneros shows the positive and negative effect of community on human growth in The House on Mango Street when Esperanza subconsciously reads the four skinny trees as a stand-in for herself. The layer of concrete surrounding the roots of the trees is a metaphor for the barrier between Esperanza’s success and her community. These four skinny trees

The Role Of Antisocial And Borderline Personality Disorder

In the article Re-offending in forensic patients released from secure care: The role of antisocial/borderline personality disorder co-morbidity, substance dependence and severe childhood conduct disorder by Howard ET all it examines the relationship with ANTI SOICAL PERSONLITY DISORDER and criminally reoffending g after being released. The study the article talks about aims to test the relationship between ANTI SOICAL PERSONLITY DISORDER and its common co morbid disorders such as substance abuse borderline personality disorder and their chance to offend and reoffend. The study follows 53 men who were in a secure treatment setting the study included a man with ANTI SOICAL PERSONLITY DISORDER, Borderline Personality and substance disorder. The study found that people with ANTI SOICAL PERSONLITY DISORDER than ones who were not co morbid with ANTI SOICAL PERSONLITY DISORDER.(Howard,2013,191). The study’s conclusion is the risk of criminal recidivism can be assed with people with ANTI SOICAL PERSONLITY DISORDER without the term psychopath being used. An also that people with ANTI SOICAL PERSONLITY DISORDER have a high chance to reoffend even after a release from a secure facility.( Howard,2013,191). Another common co morbidly with ANTI SOICAL PERSONLITY DISORDER is psychopathy which is another mental illness though similar to ANTI SOICAL PERSONLITY DISORDER but is more severe. Another article that talks about ANTI SOICAL PERSONLITY DISORDER and psychopathy comorbidity isShow MoreRelatedPersonality Disorders : The Good Son1215 Words   |  5 PagesMain Role in Personality Disorders in Children Jealousy is the emotion that plays a main role of personality disorders in children. â€Å"Jealousy is an emotion, not a diagnosis, but when an individual experiences extreme jealousy, they may find that the emotion negatively affects their life, possibly even contributing to the development of mental health conditions† (GoodTherapy.org, 2015). The review of literature indicates that jealousy is the underlying emotion of the Cluster B personality disordersRead MoreClient Information : Jessie E. Smith1050 Words   |  5 Pages301. 83 borderline personality disorder (Primary) During the evaluation, the client was describing and displaying multiple symptoms that are associated with borderline personality disorder. After reviewing the mental status examination results and reviewing the client clinical, psychological and personal history. The client has additional symptoms that may not be viewed within the borderline personality disorder, but play a role on the behaviors that are not associated with the disorder. TheseRead MorePsychology Is The Study Of Human Behavior1447 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent types of psychology, both normal and abnormal as the overarching distinctions. There are also many disorders associated with abnormal behavior psychology such as schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, antisocial personality disorders, and borderline personality disorders. Of course, there are also many therapies from each respective perspective of psychology to treat these disorders as well. Normal psychology is the study of the behaviors that fit within the bounds of socially accepted normalitiesRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society Essay1603 Words   |  7 PagesPERSONALITIES OF CYBERBULLIES BY CYNTHIA HUANG Introduction Deeply ingrained into the world, the concept of personality serves as the basis for all human interaction, and in this case, cyberbullying. With the explosion of social media and internet related activities, there has been a sudden increase in cyberbullying cases. Over the years, cyberbullying—which has often been linked â€Å"to harassing text messages, rumors spread online or through social media websites, and derogatory comments about someoneRead MoreTaking An Abnormal Psychology Class1419 Words   |  6 Pageshow the human mind works, the different disorders, and ways to help people that may be suffering from the many disorders that we covered. As I have mentioned throughout the semester, I or someone I know has or is suffering from many of the disorders we have discussed. I personally have struggled with addiction and bulimia in my past, and I feel that learning more in-depth can assist me in my future if I have a student that also struggles with similar disorders. My father suffers from schizophreniaRead MoreThe Wedding Ceremony By The Sarah Siddons Awards Banquet1546 Words   |  7 Pagesstalked her idol Margo Channing, by attending all of her performances, and eventually convincing Margo s best friend Karen, to introduce them to each other. Eve was very manipulative and upon meeting Margo she continually lied, played an innocent role, and was as helpful as she could possible be. Eve grew closer to Margo and became somewhat of a second personal assistant. Eve made birthday party plans with Margo s boyfriend without consulting her, and took the place of Margo s understudy withoutRead MoreMental Disorders And The Severity Of The Disorders1681 Words   |  7 PagesPeople overlook and ignore mental disorders due to the skepticism of the severity of the disorders. Some people do not believe that disorders exist. An example, people who want out of certain situations or an excuse to not do something will use the word, anxiety, as an excuse. Parents who have kids that lack the knowledge of how to stay still and how to focus will use the term, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder as an excuse, while the parents simply need to teach their kids in a harsher wayRead MoreAntisocial Personality Disorder Is Not A New Phenomena1469 Words   |  6 PagesAntisocial personality disorder is not a new phenomena. For centuries, people both rich and poor, successful, unsuccessful, praised and despised could be diagnosed as being a sociopath. Antisocial personality disorder is a type of chronic mental condition in which a person s ways of thinking, perceiving situations and relating to others are dysfunctional, and destructive. There are two major types of psychological disorders. Antisocial personality disorder and Borderline personality disorder.Read MoreAn Attachment Theoretical Framework For Personality Disorders1532 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature Review and Analysis In the article titled An Attachment Theoretical Framework for Personality Disorders explores how John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth’s attachment theory provides a coherent perception of â€Å"intrapsychic and interpersonal† (2013) aspects of personality disorders, such as antisocial personality disorder. Adverse attachment is often at the root of most antisocial personality disorders. This theoretical groundwork pairs breadth and parsimony to the conceptualization of BowlbyRead MoreHistrionic Personality Disorder1609 Words   |  7 Pagesthis behavior could be the result of a disorder known as Histrionic Personality Disorder (HPD). According to Paul Rasmussen of Furman University, â€Å"an individual with a histrionic orientation displays an active dependency characterized by a strong need for external validation in the form of interpersonal attention, support, and reassurance†. This paper will explore the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment as well as risk fac tors of Histrionic Personality Disorder. The American Psychiatric Association

David Foster Wallace free essay sample

Not the actual capacity to think, but your ability to make choices of what to think about. Even though Wallace’s perception of the American Student is that they need to be taught how to think. I believe it is ridiculous to presume that every student starting or graduating college can’t think for themselves or have goals in place. Students’ first choice made was going to college. I do believe what Wallace meant by that comment was that some people not all need a little jump start on how to make better choices in their decision making skills. I do agree that students come into college not thinking about what they are going to do after college. They just know that friends are going so they should go as well. Wallace goes on to explain that no two people will acquire the same exact experience because people think differently and have different beliefs; furthermore Wallace states people are self-centered like we are hard wired to only see things in their own perspective. We will write a custom essay sample on David Foster Wallace or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page People that can adjust this natural default of self-centeredness are called â€Å"well adjusted† I totally agree with Wallace. People learn at their own pace, they have their own tastes, values, morals, in addition let us not forget religion and politics. The experience received is in the eye of the beholder. As for us all being self-centered, apparently I am just one of the unique people who are â€Å"well adjusted†. I don’t agree with Wallace’s insinuation that everyone is hard wired and that we think only of ourselves. The world is made up of different types of people, some self-sacrificing and others self-centered. Wallace goes on to ask the question,

The Black Death Essay Example For Students

The Black Death Essay In the 1300s and 1400s a horrible disease was sweeping Europe.Its symptoms deserved of its name the Black Death.Beliefs on how to cure the plague demonstrate how the supernatural had a huge influence on medicine during the time of the renaissance. There are two kinds of plagues, with the first kind victims receive swellings called buboes about the size of an egg or an apple.The swellings oozed blood and pus.In the second stage boils and internal bleeding appeared.The second kind of plague was respiratory. The symptoms included continuos fever and the spitting of blood.These cases died even more quickly, sometimes within the first 24 hours.In both cases everything admitted from the body smelt foul. We will write a custom essay on The Black Death specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now When doctors could not explain the plague they looked to magic or the supernatural.Many believed that the plague was transmitted though the air so they burnt incense or herbs.There was little distinction between the magical and the sensible.( )animal compounds and metallic substances were commonly used.The church barred the investigation of anatomy, but some still defied the church.In 1340 Montpellier held anatomy lessons every two years. These lessons would last for days.People believed it was a divine punishment from god for mans sins.It was looked at as the extermination of mankind.()In the city of Rouen, people believed that anything that could anger god should be abolished.They got rid of gambling, drinking and cursing.The pope organized marches called Penitent processions.In these marches the pope and four cardinals dressed completely in red would lead hundred of praying and crying sinners.They would sometimes beat themselves with whips or choke themselves with ropes tied aroun d their necks.Doctors recommended bland diets, avoidance of excitement or anger (especially before going to bed).People were removed from dank places like swamps.Many cities were quarantined.Vinegar was sprinkled on hands, nostrils, mouths and floors.The doctors also used various methods to try to draw to poison from the body.They tried bleeding, lancing or cauterizing the swellings, hot plasters, myrrh, saffron and powdered staghorn.A patients sense of therapeutic was in proportion to their expense.Bibliography: The Black Death Essay Example For Students The Black Death Essay Black Death The people at the Messina Harbor , a port in Northeast Sicily , stood and watched as a Genoese fleet made its way to dock..(Gottfried 141-144). The people standing ashore could by no means conceive of the horror found on board of these ships. The crew had a disease the like of which no one had seen before in the history of western civilization. The harbor masters looked on in complete awe and terror and tried to quarantine the ship but with no avail. (Gottfried141-144). It was too late. The rector fleas on the rats had already made it on shore, to bring death to millions in Europe for the months and years to come.(Gottfried 141-144). This disease was a conglomeration of bubonic, pneumonic, and septicaemic plague later to be called the Black Death . (Gottfried 141-144). No other epidemic in history has had such a profound effect as the Black Death had on Europe in the 14th century. The Black Death is believed to have originated in the Gobi Desert in th 1320s. (Knox). The b acillus was alive long before the 1300s and caused a mild outbreak in Europe in the 6th century, but stayed dormant until the 14th century. (Knox). It began to spread outward, hitting parts of Asia, and killing millions in China . (Knox). It moved along caravan routes towards the west on land and also by ship, and reached Sicily in 1347. (Knox). It also reached Paris by the spring of 1348.(Gottfried 141-144).In the fall of 1348 it had traveled to England.(Knox). We will write a custom essay on The Black Death specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The symptoms of this disease were terrible. The disease carried by infected fleas on rodents, brought with them terrifying symptoms. High fever is accompanying by aching limbs and vomiting of blood, as well as excessive swelling of the lymph nodes which soon turned black hence the name , Black Death. (Knox). After 3-4 days the lymph nodes became to big and burst, and death follows almost immediately. (Knox). Many believe the pneumonic plague was at hand as well, which attacks the lungs and can become airborne . (Knox). The poor sanitary conditions in major European cities such as , poor sewage systems, inadequate garbage disposal, paired with over population was probably a reason for the disease to have such a profound effect on Europe. From 1347-1351, the plague wiped out 25-50% of Europe population leaving the few survivors asking questions. No one knew what would cause such a devastating epidemic to hit Europe and many believed it was an act of vengeance from God . (Knox). The church men and high officials believed it was merely a disease , a very horrible one , and took measures to try and stop its effects, but with no great success. (Knox).City officials began to quarantine houses , isolate incoming ships on offshore islands, and simply keep away from the sick. (Knox). This quarantine measure was probably the most effective.(Knox).The popular opinion was that God was acting out in anger against the people.(Knox). People began to burn incense, ring church bells , fire cannons, and do just about anything in desperation.(Knox). It would seem that people would turn to the church for guidance in such trying times ,but this was not the case . The church clergy, in fear of their on safety , fled and often would interact with the infected and give them there last rites. Many people believed the clergy were greedy and only val ued themselves. (Gottfried 140-1440). It would seem that the clergy were being greedy, and self protective, and faith in the church began to ware as priest and clergy fled for safer ground. The clergy however was hit extremely hard by the disease and the parish clergy had a death rate of over 40%.(Platt 97).With out the guidance of the church people did anything the could to try and please God who they thought was bringing on this devastation as an act of anger. Flagellants, bands of 30-40 people, began to march through the streets and self mutilate themselves as acts of contrition for their sins. (Knox). Faith in organized religion was dwindling, the church was suffering huge losses in clergy , and the population as a whole was only declining. In the years between 1347 and 1350 1/3 of everyone was dead.(Knox). Cities were especially hit hard by the plague but recovered almost rapidly than there rural counter parts . (Knox). After the plague had subsided somewhat, peasants left the countryside in search of opportunities in the city . (Knox). This huge decrease in the population , mass immigration from countryside to the city, and mass evacuation would turn Europe upside down, and mark the Black Death as the end of the central Middle Ages and the beginning of the later Middle ages. (Knox). .ue3d948633529dec6cd85fcc916bd2062 , .ue3d948633529dec6cd85fcc916bd2062 .postImageUrl , .ue3d948633529dec6cd85fcc916bd2062 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue3d948633529dec6cd85fcc916bd2062 , .ue3d948633529dec6cd85fcc916bd2062:hover , .ue3d948633529dec6cd85fcc916bd2062:visited , .ue3d948633529dec6cd85fcc916bd2062:active { border:0!important; } .ue3d948633529dec6cd85fcc916bd2062 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue3d948633529dec6cd85fcc916bd2062 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue3d948633529dec6cd85fcc916bd2062:active , .ue3d948633529dec6cd85fcc916bd2062:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue3d948633529dec6cd85fcc916bd2062 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue3d948633529dec6cd85fcc916bd2062 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue3d948633529dec6cd85fcc916bd2062 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue3d948633529dec6cd85fcc916bd2062 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue3d948633529dec6cd85fcc916bd2062:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue3d948633529dec6cd85fcc916bd2062 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue3d948633529dec6cd85fcc916bd2062 .ue3d948633529dec6cd85fcc916bd2062-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue3d948633529dec6cd85fcc916bd2062:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Westward Expansion EssayDepopulation was responsible for many changes in Europe in the mid 1300s . The extreme depopulation resulted in class mobility for one time stationary status of peasant workers . It was not hard for peasant to grow new crops for more diversified markets and increase profit.(Gottfried140).Inheritance patterns also changed and now females were sole inheritors of their families estates as the size of their families decreased . (Gottfried140).Shortage of workers and man power was also a problem in factories and this was a direct cause of increase of technology to keep up with the demand while still having a shortage of man power. (Gottfried141). The men who had training in a field almost doubled there pay as a lack of skilled workers was evident, it caused a increase in class mobility in many areas . (Gottfried142). While some were prospering the others felt the hard financial brunt of the population, financial businesses were left out in the cold as debtors and their families died , leaving no one to pay owed sums. (Knox). Often construction projects, were abandoned due to the lack of man power , mills and machinery would break with no skilled workers to fix them. (Knox). Wages rose, prices dropped , inflation occurred, and it took many years to over come these widespread problems. (Knox). Businesses and financial institutions where not the only thing affected by the plague. Art transformed during this time as brutality and death appeared in many works .(Know). Politics were not dramatically affected all though the plague did leave its mark. King Alfonso XI of Castile was the only reining monarch that died from the epidemic but countless notables died, including the queen of France.(Knox). The hundred year war was halted in 1348 due to the loss of troops . Local politics too the hardest blow . City council, local nobles , and courts where wiped out . (Knox). Europe was not a great place to be in the 14th century . The economy was already in a recession with expansion reaching its limits.(Knox). Crop yields were down due to colder weather climates and mass political unrest due to the mercenary armies roaming the countryside in search of plunder. Famine began in Europe due to the low crop yields and the people who didnt die from the plague had to fear dying from starvati on. (Knox). The plague revisited parts of Europe and took with it 1/3 of the population as its victims. Never before or since has the world seen such a horrendous disease or a catastrophe of such epidemic proportions. The Black Death returned to London in 1665 but had only the fraction of the impact it had in some 300 yrs ago . Today plague is still reported, although now we can treat it before it becomes too serious. The plague is something we can look at and see how fragile the human race is but how strong the human spirit is to overcome such a disaster.

Federalism In Political Culture Essays - Political Systems

Federalism In Political Culture Essays - Political Systems Federalism In Political Culture The Significance of Federalism in Political Culture The United States government is constructed of many systems and ideas which, when bound together, create the Democratic government utilized by the country. All of the different things, in most cases compliment each other and therefore, work together. Two examples of this are the system of federalism and the idea of political culture. They make up some of the important aspects of the government and its operation. Federalism is the system the United States uses as a frame for its government's power distribution when it comes to policies, procedures, and the likes. It is what maintains the power between the different levels of government, be it the National, state, or local governments. It also defines and separates these power possessors, while protecting the rights and profits of each. There are many opinions and theories concerning the success of such a system, depending on a person's outlook on the subject. However, despite its pros and cons, it can be said that if nothing else, it at least gets more citizens involved in politics. That is a important aspect that it brings, especially when it is tied to political culture. Political culture is a particular way of thinking in regard to how political and economic life ought to be carried out by a country's government. These notions may not always be shared by the country as a whole. There will always be different ideas, which leads to political subcultures. Depending on the situations of each person and each community, they will have their own beliefs in how the government should be doing things. Specific things that are taken into consideration when it comes to political culture are liberty, equality, civic duty, individual responsibility, and democracy. Federalism is the system that political culture works within. They flatter each other in that federalism gives political culture an outlet to be heard and to be useful and political culture gives federalism a means of success. In many other systems of government, political culture is obsolete because the people's ideas are not often taken into consideration as they are with Federalism. Without political culture, the idea of federalism is, in a way defeated. It is put there for the poeple and if those people do not hold an opinion and voice it, Federalism has a hard time serving its purpose of aiding its poeple. They work well hand in hand, more so than they would alone. Together, federalism and political culture make for a more successful government in the United States. In a way, the thrive off of each other and both highly depend on the country's poeple and their responsibility to take action. The representative government that the United States has relies on these sort of things. They are a significant piece of the puzzle that is called a government. Bibliography none

5 Events and Incidents That Never Happened

5 Events and Incidents That Never Happened 5 Events and Incidents That Never Happened 5 Events and Incidents That Never Happened By Mark Nichol Remember when they booed Bob Dylan for going electric at the Newport Folk Festival? And isn’t it disgusting how military personnel returning from serving in the Vietnam War were routinely spat on by antiwar protesters? Those were more or less reprehensible behaviors or they would have been if they had actually occurred. But these incidents, and a few others also outlined below, are all overstated or outright fabricated, loosely based on actual events but bearing little or no resemblance to them. 1. Electric Dylan The accounts that suggest that Bob Dylan was not well received the first time he, backed by members of the Paul Butterfield Blues Band, played live with an electric guitar stemmed from Dylan’s own misperception of the audience reaction and some faulty memories. Some audience members were upset, but only because Dylan’s set was so short. And master of ceremonies Peter Yarrow (of Peter, Paul, and Mary fame), who was said to have been incensed at the sound, was not angered by electrified Dylan but by the poor quality of the amplified sound. Some concertgoers and critics alike did later complain about Dylan, but it was his perceived shift toward more commercial songwriting that caused their ire, with perhaps some confused bandwagon-jumping criticism of his amplification. 2. Spitting on Veterans There were isolated incidences of hostile behavior toward soldiers returning from tours of duty in Vietnam, but their reception was generally very positive. Only later, when antiwar sentiment grew and some veterans traumatized by having fought in a hellish war and doing so on the losing side returned Stateside, did a few of them and their sympathizers begin to embellish these anomalous events and conflate them with isolated nonexpectorating protesters into a frequent and widespread occurrence. 3. Bra Burning In September 1968, in Atlantic City, a group of female protesters symbolically shed their adherence to society’s standards for femininity by tossing bras, girdles, cosmetics, and other beautification accouterments into a garbage can. Though there was supposedly a suggestion that the accumulation be ignited, no bras were burned at this seminal feminist event. Two years later, in Berkeley, California, a similar event that took place did involve combustion, but no widespread bra burning ever took place. (At neither event were bras actually removed and discarded.) One journalist’s metaphorical association of the demonstrators with draft-card burners apparently gave rise to a widespread misunderstanding that numerous such conflagrations occurred. 4. Hats Off It was once widely believed that just as Clark Gable, by not wearing a T-shirt under his dress shirt in the early screwball comedy It Happened One Night, supposedly inspired men to refrain from buying undershirts, with catastrophic results for their manufacturers, John F. Kennedy doomed the chapeau industry by going hatless at his inaugural ceremony. It’s easy to believe that if he did indeed go bareheaded, he was only following, and not precipitating, a trend, because hats were already going out of fashion. However, the entire premise is false: Multiple photographs depict him wearing a silk top hat as part of his formal attire throughout that day. 5. â€Å"Try Acting† Sir Laurence Olivier supposedly derided Dustin Hoffman’s efforts to prepare for the torture scene in the political thriller Marathon Man by going without sleep, asking him, â€Å"Why don’t you try acting?† In truth, Hoffman, whose first marriage was failing while he was filming the movie, showed up on the set one day looking bedraggled after partying at Studio 54. When Olivier, his costar, noticed his condition, Hoffman evasively said he had been staying up all night to get himself in the mind-set for a grueling scene. Olivier did offer the advice â€Å"Why don’t you try acting?† but it was in jest, and they shared a laugh over it. Relation to Writing So, what do these corrections have to do with writing? A great deal, it turns out. These myths and misperceptions were largely perpetuated by writing by people distorting facts in articles, books, and other written accounts of the events, followed by others regenerating the errors. The lesson to be learned is this: When you write about something, be sure you know what you’re writing about. Do not bolster fallacies by blindly accepting what you read or heard. Before incorporating historical events great or small into your fiction or nonfiction, investigate and corroborate. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Types of RhymeWhenever vs. When Ever10 Types of Hyphenation Errors

Relationships between Russia and Ukraine in the Gas Market Research Paper

Relationships between Russia and Ukraine in the Gas Market - Research Paper Example This paper offers a comprehensive review of relationship between Russia and Ukraine in the energy sector. The bilateral economic and political conflicts between two countries that relate to the decisions and actions in the gas sector are under the review There are numerous contributions political and social scientists, the media and politicians that appear to insist on the fact that Russia leverages its position in the gas market to alter the internal affairs of other sovereign states. They claim that these nations are so internally manipulated by Russia that their foreign policy matches the interests of Russia. It is argued, that Russia formulates its foreign policy in line with the capacity of its energy, which it uses as a weapon. Many articles claim that Russia exploits its position as an energy superpower to manipulate political decisions of other nations. To study the real economic and political motivations of Russia’s energy policy regarding Ukraine, there is the need to disregard the initial understanding the media and academicians that assert that Russia exploits its position regarding oil to realize its political goals There is a need to investigate the bilateral economic and political conflicts that relate to the decisions and actions in the gas sector. The pricing mechanism used by Russia has also been the source of several disputes between Ukraine and Russia, which manifested as 2006, 2009 and 2014 gas rows. The argument seems to rest on the issue of determining the correct price for gas.

Performance and Risks Management Study of Cobham plc 2312 Essay

Performance and Risks Management Study of Cobham plc 2312 - Essay Example Each of the four division offer range of products and service to the three different categories of end markets. Cobham’s US Defence/ security market, non-US Defence/ security Markets and commercial markets with 47%, 28% and 35% of the total market share as depicted from the image below (Cobham Plc. 2014): The consistent growth is acquired with its strategy of continuous improvement, transformation of business through Excellence in Delivery (EiD); and maintaining focus on the core market of second and third tiers of the defense, security market, commercial aerospace, land and marine market etc; and finally and divesting non-core businesses (Cobham Plc, 2015d; Cobham Plc, 2012). Global market share is presented below: The industry of the Cobham is highly complex in its characteristics. At one end, it is highly fragmented, facing high level of consolidation, strategic interdependency (ECORYS, 2009) and impact of loaming budgets (ATKearney, 2013). While on the other hand, the company defines opportunities and its respective position in the industry as follows: According to the annual report 2013, the company offers technologies that are technically diverse and are innovated to facilitate the diverse needs of the customers (Cobham Plc, 2012). Five years’ revenue trends is as follows: As graph above shows that the company has increased its sales except the CDS due to the slippage in the defense and security programs in USA (Cobham Plc, 2010). However, increasing margins from transformation under EiD program, acquisitions, and redefining scope and renaming of Aerospace and Security as Communications and Connectivity; from CAS; offset impact (Cobham Plc, 2013). Also anticipated decline in the defense sector by 2.5% while appreciation in the demand from the commercial sector by 25% in future years (Deloitte, 2015); has played its role. Cobham’s ranks

Stress and Burnout Essay Example for Free

Stress and Burnout Essay Burnout: A Challenge to the Human Services Roxanne Arballo BSHS 461 University of Phoenix Those who work in the Human Services field and nonprofit areas are highly vulnerable to burn out. 2010 provides larger numbers of clientele, forced human service personnel overtime work hours, on-call after hours, and other schedule and work imbalances. World population numbers are escalating as the budget for the health services is on a continual decline. Causes of burnout for the human services rofessional may be individual, cultural, organizational, supervisory, or from lack of social support. According to Johnson and Stone (1987), burnout refers to a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion resulting from involvement with people in emotionally demanding situations. Three major factors of burnout (Maslach, Jackson, Letter, 1996) are emotional exhaustion, a feeling of low personal accomplishment with clients, and a sense of depersonalization (a dehumanizing, uncaring attitude toward clients). According to Maslach Letter, burnout is the egree of dislocation between what people are and what they have to do. Effects of burnout might appear in the form of exhaustion, detatchment, and feelings of ineffectiveness. These results might be from the gradual process of loss during which the mismatch between the needs of the person and the demands of the Job grows ever greater. Maslach and Leiter (1997) have summarized these causes into the categories of work overload, a lack of control, insufficient rewards (from money to joy), a breakdown in community, the absence of fa irness (trust, openness, and espect), and conflicting values. Previously labeled causes of burnout included types of organization, supervision, social support, and culture. More recently, Maslach and Leiter (1997) summarized these causes into the categories of work overload, lack of control, insufficient rewards (from money to Joy), breakdown in community, the absence of fairness (trust, openness, and respect), and conflicting values. To prevent these various stages of burnout, included are individual, Job role, and organizational methods. Some clients might be violent and Jeopardize the professionals safety. Demands for a workers time might prevent taking meal or rest breaks. Steps must be taken to protect them, to the degree possible, from some of the work-related stress that can lead to burnout. Cherniss (1980) suggests that a number of positive steps can be taken to lessen organizational stress and prevent burnout. These include a change in the way Jobs are structured. Flextime, part-time work, Job sharing, new program development, and new career options might help modify the routine patterns of the human service professional and lessen likelihood of burnout. In eference to the organization, members who share a sense of excitement, strong purpose, clear goals and objectives help create preventative measures for burnout. ensure that workers are doing meaningful work (Cherniss, 1995). Also monitored are overload with impossible demands and a feeling of decision-making autonomy appropriate for human service professionals. Support, information, and some degree of structure might be needed along with feedback and an understanding of their own importance as role models. A number of factors can stand in the way of good job performance and cause well-earned productivity to decline. These can include job-related stress and personal concerns. When it becomes a concern of the organization, it affects on-the-Job behavior. Employee assistance programs (EAPs) for workers experiencing such problems (Van Den Bergh, 1995) have been developed to include services like counseling and referrals as well as crisis management services. These programs enhance employee wellbeing, offer supervisor training, and create employee problem-solving task forces that are part of the EAPs used by an increasing number of organizations. One method l, as a student and human services worker, se to reduce personal and work-related stress is to spend at least 10 minutes alone each day. Whether I spend this time at home, the library, or driving in the car, this alone time seems to put me in a better mood. I find that regular exercise is another way to reduce stress and prevent burnout. I notice that the less I exercise, the higher my stress level is. I try to get outside, thank my Higher Power for everything including the hardships that might be potential for burnout, and share the success in these measures of prevention. Due to personal changes in my life, I am taking on new esponsibilities and find it hard to adjust to these added tasks in my daily routine. Therefore I am working to decrease stress and possible burnout through a growing passion and thanks for my family, future career, and faith. My belief that personal struggles are ways to learn and be a power source for other human services students and professionals are certain preventative measures I do and will continue to take against the threat of burnout. References Cherniss, C. (1980). Professional burnout in human service organizations. New York: Praeger. Cherniss, C. (1995). Beyond burnout. New York: Routledge. Johnson, M. , Stone, G. L. (1987).

Hollywoods Life Saver Essay -- Entertainment Movies Papers

Hollywood's Life Saver For years Hollywood has been the land of stars and cinema; a place where dreams are made, and all of life seems perfect. However, the glitz and glamour of Hollywood has often masked some of Hollywood's biggest stars' alcoholism and drug problems. The string of never ending parties, and the increasing amount of drugs that are being used on club circuits, frequented by many of Hollywood's elite, became all too familiar for two of Hollywood's young rising stars, Drew Barrymore and the late River Phoenix. Drew Barrymore began drinking at the age of nine, and by the age of thirteen, was in the ASAP Family Treatment Center with an alcohol and cocaine addiction, which she eventually overcame. River Phoenix wasn't so lucky. Phoenix's drug use is not as well chronicled, but is rumored to date back to when he was fifteen years old on the set of "Stand by Me." What is known is that at 1:51 a.m. on October 31, 1993, River Phoenix was pronounced dead at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California. One begins to wonder how one Hollywood star was able to turn her drug problems around, while another eventually lost his life because of drugs. The answer lies in the fact that Drew Barrymore went to a rehabilitation clinic and received help with her problems while River Phoenix did not. Rehabilitation changes people's lives and even saves some. Rehabilitation clinics, like the ASAP Family Treatment Center Drew Barrymore was a patient in, provide a means of intervention into the life of a person who is addicted to drugs. According to the ASAP Family Treatment Center: This service provides a way to break through the denial of the chemically dependent person and their family. Often families are un... ...drug abuse. Drew is quoted in her autobiographical book about her drug addiction and recovery, Little Girl Lost, as saying "What I have to do is live, not one day at a time, not one hour at a time, but one minute at a time. I have to work my program. If I don't, I won't last. I'll be dragged down. I have to work it whether I need to or notÉthat's what it means to be an alcoholic or an addict. Recovery is an ongoing, lifelong process. Still, mine is a happy ending" (Barrymore, 302). Yes, Drew Barrymore's story does have a happy ending, but River Phoenix' does not. Both Drew and River gave in to the pressures of drug abuse, and both had family histories in drug abuse. Yet, because of Drew Barrymore's friend's and mother's intervention into her drug abuse she was able to receive rehabilitation, and she is still here with us today, taking it one minute at a time. Hollywood's Life Saver Essay -- Entertainment Movies Papers Hollywood's Life Saver For years Hollywood has been the land of stars and cinema; a place where dreams are made, and all of life seems perfect. However, the glitz and glamour of Hollywood has often masked some of Hollywood's biggest stars' alcoholism and drug problems. The string of never ending parties, and the increasing amount of drugs that are being used on club circuits, frequented by many of Hollywood's elite, became all too familiar for two of Hollywood's young rising stars, Drew Barrymore and the late River Phoenix. Drew Barrymore began drinking at the age of nine, and by the age of thirteen, was in the ASAP Family Treatment Center with an alcohol and cocaine addiction, which she eventually overcame. River Phoenix wasn't so lucky. Phoenix's drug use is not as well chronicled, but is rumored to date back to when he was fifteen years old on the set of "Stand by Me." What is known is that at 1:51 a.m. on October 31, 1993, River Phoenix was pronounced dead at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California. One begins to wonder how one Hollywood star was able to turn her drug problems around, while another eventually lost his life because of drugs. The answer lies in the fact that Drew Barrymore went to a rehabilitation clinic and received help with her problems while River Phoenix did not. Rehabilitation changes people's lives and even saves some. Rehabilitation clinics, like the ASAP Family Treatment Center Drew Barrymore was a patient in, provide a means of intervention into the life of a person who is addicted to drugs. According to the ASAP Family Treatment Center: This service provides a way to break through the denial of the chemically dependent person and their family. Often families are un... ...drug abuse. Drew is quoted in her autobiographical book about her drug addiction and recovery, Little Girl Lost, as saying "What I have to do is live, not one day at a time, not one hour at a time, but one minute at a time. I have to work my program. If I don't, I won't last. I'll be dragged down. I have to work it whether I need to or notÉthat's what it means to be an alcoholic or an addict. Recovery is an ongoing, lifelong process. Still, mine is a happy ending" (Barrymore, 302). Yes, Drew Barrymore's story does have a happy ending, but River Phoenix' does not. Both Drew and River gave in to the pressures of drug abuse, and both had family histories in drug abuse. Yet, because of Drew Barrymore's friend's and mother's intervention into her drug abuse she was able to receive rehabilitation, and she is still here with us today, taking it one minute at a time.

Com reflection paper

I have had few classes in the past that gave me an overview of how to research and find creditable sources. In this class I learned not only how to research but also how to use my research in my academic paper. It was interesting to find more sources to use within the University of Phoenix Library. This course showed me a closer look at how I can use different sources to find creditable articles.This course gave me efferent way to keep track of what I want to use in my paper. One of which is the annotated bibliography. Annotated Bibliography help me understand exactly how I wanted to do my essay and which part of my resource I wanted to use in my essay. This course helped us develop our skills more further from what we had learned in our previous classed. Although I knew how to cite and reference my sources, I was still making mistake in my paper.This course and its instructor, Julia Unmans, wowed the proper way to cite and reference different courses. It helped me write reference w ithout using any converters, which helped me develop my skills. When it comes to writing a paper, I always want other to read my paper to make sure if I did the paper write. In this class, I got to talk to my classmates about my topic and share their ideas to narrow down the topic. It also helped me develop research questions. A peer review helped me realize my mistakes and develop more ideas.Those ideas not only helped write my paper In a different way, but it also showed me what else I need in my paper to make it a better essay. One of the things I really like about this class Is the feedback from the Instructor. Most Instructors will only show the mistakes in an assignment, but Julia showed me exactly what I did wrong and how I could fix It. Julia showed us the techniques that I wanted to learn before I move on to my next class. These skill and techniques are the one I took Into a count to use for my next classes.

Relationship Between Department Essay

Having people know about different language skills will help them to be more knowledge and will help them to be easy understanding around people that are different from themselves. Make sure that we have training regularly about employee cultural differences so employees will finally to cooperation peaceful. Reduce the conflicts and disputes between of them. On the other hand, our company will be provide more money to encourage our employees learn more language s. Enhance their language skill. This plan will not only be able to assist them to strengthen their language and culture and communication skills, but also help in the works. We are the five stars and luxury hotels, most of the guests visiting from different countries, If our employees have excellent language skills after training, so that more in-depth understanding of the needs of customers and provide them with the best service. The second point on how to deal with employee cultural differences is to make sure that people know what the respect is. Ensure that everyone knows that some of colleagues always treat not fair on way. Or does not get special treatment because of their cultural difference. We will also want to make sure that you have something that goes out to remind people that everyone is equal. We can do this either by employee training or meeting; I can have a little presentation in staff training. I just need to make sure that it is addressed so people know that it is ok to have cultural differences in our hotel. However, quick to criticize and condemn the error of employees, and received the award slowly, many managers are always discriminated against ome of the staff, because they are not locals. Part of the local staff will imitate manager. Such discriminatory behavior, only a few people willing communicate with them. Therefore, they increase the pressure and the self-esteem hurt performance directly affects the workers left. On the other hand, if the situation continues, the relationship between employees will become fragmented. More reminiscent of the dictator. Simply dictating to them wh at they could get the job done, but there is no incentive to do it well. Employees are not exactly the same as the standard machine to perform over and over again the same job, if you do not recognize their effort. Their performance has been deteriorating. More modern and progressive workplace goals and reward schemes to motivate employee. In addition, the manager must make a good role model to promote the relationship between the employees become harmonious, happy work. The third point on how to deal with employee cultural differences is if some one is getting picked on because of their culture. You need to make sure that people know that it is not acceptable to treat others differently because of their culture. You will want to make sure that you take some action so that the problem does not continue. The worst thing is to have a unhappy employee because some one else has taken it upon themselves to be rude because of the racial discrimination. The fourth point on how to deal with employee cultural differences is enhance the exchange between employees, a better understanding of each other, I decided to organize more large-scale events in our company in future. For example, some large dinner, outdoor travel, outdoor activities such as football matches, participate to Marathon. These activities can make between employees a better understanding of each other, to establish a good relationship. If the employees between full unity, communication and reduce differences on return to work, they like these movements smooth co-develop team efforts, make excellent performance, driving the company‘s internal and external developments. There will be space for development cannot estimate. Therefore, Outdoor activities and group activities for communication.

The Role of Insight and Creativity in Problem

The Role of Insight and Creativity in Problem The role of insight and creativity in problem-solving A problem is the gap between what is expected and what is already happening. Thus, in bridging this gap, a person can generate solutions through insight in that this person strives to understand the principles, which might feed into the solutions. Here, the person begins solving the problem by considering the requirements and interrelated elements regarding the problem before seeking a common plan that might lead to the desired goal.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Insight and Creativity in Problem-Solving specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, direction and flexibility are important aspects in the process of insightful problem-solving because the person involved directs the steps to finding a solution through a pre-determined plan while adjusting and modifying the plan along the way (Rickards, 1997, pp. 2-6). On the other hand, creativity in prob lem-solving follows a classical model, which holds that the problem-solving process entails four distinct phases including preparation, incubation, illumination, and verification. In the preparation step, the person involved in problem-solving begins by identifying the problem before gathering information regarding the possible solutions to the problem through conscious thinking. However, solutions may not be reached during the preparation phase and therefore the person goes into the incubation phase whereby the person may give up or continue considering different aspects of the problem, and in the process, restructuring the possible solutions subconsciously. This process produces tentative solutions, which can be synthesized further in the illumination (insight) phase. Finally, the solutions identified undergo checks, further development, and refinement during the validation phase before they are implemented (Rickards, 1997, p. 10). The whole process is cyclic in nature because if the solutions fail the verification step, one needs to start all over again. Overall, the four-step creative process is a widely accepted model in solving various problems. The functions of reasoning, judgment, and decision-making in problem-solving Problem-solving is the process of developing the options, which guide the process of decision-making. Therefore, the first step toward solving a problem entails decision-making in which the best solution to a problem is selected from a variety of options (Lee Arthur, 1975, p. 3). Accordingly, sound judgment and logical reasoning inform the process of decision-making and therefore, problem-solving in different aspects. Here, judgment is defined as the ability to solve various problems when there is no right or wrong answer during the period of making decisions. Therefore, judgment is an imperative in unique situations, which require one to weigh all the factors affecting the situation before incorporating personal experience, intuitions, and various initiatives in making workable decisions.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, judgment is unique to specific situations, and thus, it is bound to change from one situation to another. As a result, it is imperative that people are trained on various ways of choosing the ingredients and other interrelated elements of problem-solving so that they are prepared to face unique situations when they arise (Lee Arthur, 1975, pp. 5-10). On the other hand, creative problem-solving involves the interplay of three major activities in which the interaction between visual-spatial and analytical reasoning is one of them. Here, the two aspects of reasoning play a major role in problem-solving because creative thinking arises from visual thinking in that the visual images obtained from the surroundings through sense perception are incorporated into the process of finding solutions to problems, which are not observable in nature. Consequently, analytical reasoning aided by visual thinking contributes to the genesis of new ideas that feed into the process of creative problem-solving (Lee Arthur, 1975, pp. 10-23). References Lee, S.S., Arthur, S.E. (1975). Studies of problem solving, judgment, and decision making: Implications for educational research. Review of Research Education, 3, 3-42. Rickards, T. (1997). Creativity and problem-solving at work. Brookfield, USA: Gower Publishing Company.

Antonio López de Santa Anna, 11-Time Mexican President

Antonio Là ³pez de Santa Anna, 11-Time Mexican President Antonio Là ³pez de Santa Anna (February 21, 1794–June 21, 1876) was a Mexican politician and military leader who was President of Mexico 11 times from 1833 to 1855. He was a disastrous president for Mexico, losing first Texas and then much of the current American West to the United States. Still, he was a charismatic leader, and, in general, the people of Mexico supported him, begging him to return to power time and again. He was by far the most important figure of his generation in Mexican history. Fast Facts: Antonio Là ³pez de Santa Anna Known For: President of Mexico 11 times, defeated U.S. troops at the Alamo, lost much Mexican territory to the U.S.Also Known As:  Antonio de Padua Marà ­a Severino Là ³pez de Santa Anna y Pà ©rez de Lebrà ³n, Santa Anna, The man who was Mexico, Napoleon of the WestBorn:  February 21, 1794 in Xalapa,  Veracruz  Parents: Antonio Lafey de Santa Anna and Manuela Perez de LabronDied:  June 21, 1876 in Mexico City, MexicoPublished Works:  The Eagle: The Autobiography of Santa AnnaAwards and Honors:  Order of Charles III,  Ã‚  Order of GuadalupeSpouse(s): Marà ­a Inà ©s de la Paz Garcà ­a, Marà ­a de los Dolores de TostaChildren: Marà ­a de Guadalupe, Marà ­a del Carmen, Manuel, and Antonio Là ³pez de Santa Anna y Garcà ­a. Recognized illegitimate children: Paula, Marà ­a de la Merced, Petra, and Josà © Là ³pez de Santa AnnaNotable Quote: As general-in-chief I fulfilled my duty by issuing the necessary orders for the vigilance of our camp, as a man I succumbe d to an imperious necessity of nature for which I do not believe that a charge can be justly brought against any general, much less if such a rest is taken at the middle of the day, under a tree, and in the very camp itself. Early Life Santa Anna was born in Xalapa on February 21, 1794. His parents were Antonio Lafey de Santa Anna and Manuela Perez de Labron and he had a comfortable middle-class childhood. After some limited formal education, he worked for a short time as a merchant. He longed for a military career and his father procured an appointment for him at an early age in the Army of New Spain. Early Military Career Santa Anna quickly rose through the ranks, making colonel by the age of 26. He fought on the Spanish side in the Mexican War of Independence. When he recognized that it was a lost cause, he switched sides in 1821 with Agustà ­n de Iturbide, who rewarded him with a promotion to general. During the turbulent 1820s, Santa Anna supported and then turned on a succession of presidents, including Iturbide and Vicente Guerrero. He gained a reputation as a valuable if treacherous ally. First Presidency In 1829, Spain invaded, attempting to retake Mexico. Santa Anna played a key role in defeating them- his greatest (and perhaps only) military victory. Santa Anna first rose to the presidency in the 1833 election. Ever the astute politician, he immediately turned over power to Vice President Valentà ­n Gà ³mez Farà ­as and allowed him to make some reforms, including many aimed at the Catholic Church and the army. Santa Anna was waiting to see if the people would accept these reforms. When they did not, he stepped in and removed Gà ³mez Farà ­as from power. Texas Independence Texas, using the chaos in Mexico as a pretext, declared independence in 1836. Santa Anna himself marched on the rebellious state with a massive army, but the invasion was conducted poorly. Santa Anna ordered crops burned, prisoners shot, and livestock killed, alienating many Texans who might have supported him. After he defeated the rebels at the Battle of the Alamo, Santa Anna unwisely divided his forces, allowing Sam Houston to surprise him at the Battle of San Jacinto. Santa Anna was captured and forced to negotiate with the Mexican government for recognition of Texas independence and to sign papers saying he recognized the Republic of Texas. The Pastry War and Return to Power Santa Anna returned to Mexico in disgrace and retired to his hacienda. Soon there came another opportunity to seize the stage. In 1838, France invaded Mexico in order to make them pay some outstanding debts. This conflict is known as the Pastry War.  Santa Anna rounded up some men and rushed to battle. Although he and his men were soundly defeated and he lost one of his legs in the fighting, Santa Anna was seen as a hero by the Mexican people. He would later order his leg buried with full military honors. The French took the port of Veracruz and negotiated a settlement with the Mexican government. War With the United States In the early 1840s, Santa Anna was in and out of power frequently. He was inept enough to be regularly driven out of power but charming enough to always find his way back in. In 1846, war broke out between Mexico and the United States. Santa Anna, in exile at the time, persuaded the Americans to allow him back into Mexico to negotiate a peace. Once there, he assumed command of the Mexican army and fought the invaders. American military strength (and Santa Annas tactical incompetence) carried the day and Mexico was defeated. Mexico lost much of the American West in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the war. Final Presidency Santa Anna went into exile again  but was invited back by conservatives in 1853, so he served as president for two more years. He sold some lands along the border to the United States (known as the Gadsden Purchase) in 1854 to help pay some debts. This infuriated many Mexicans, who turned on him once again. Santa Anna was driven from power for good in 1855 and went once again into exile. He was tried for treason in absentia, and all of his estates and wealth were confiscated. Schemes and Plots For the next decade or so, Santa Anna schemed at getting back into power. He attempted to hatch an invasion with mercenaries. He negotiated with the French and Emperor Maximilian in a bid to come back and join Maximilians court  but was arrested and sent back into exile. During this time he lived in different countries, including the United States, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and the Bahamas. Death Santa Anna finally was given an amnesty in 1874 and returned to Mexico. He was then about 80 years old and had given up any hope of returning to power. He died on June 21, 1876, in Mexico City. Legacy Santa Anna was a larger-than-life character and inept dictator. He was officially president six times, and unofficially five more. His personal charisma was astounding, on a par with other Latin American leaders such as Fidel Castro or Juan Domingo Perà ³n. The people of Mexico supported him multiple times, but he kept letting them down, losing wars and lining his own pockets with public funds time and again. Like all people, Santa Anna had his strengths and weaknesses. He was an able military leader in some respects. He could very quickly raise an army and have it marching, and his men seemed to never give up on him. He was a strong leader who always came when his country asked him to (and sometimes when they didnt ask him to). He was decisive and had some crafty political skills, often playing liberals and conservatives off against one another to build a compromise. But Santa Annas weaknesses tended to overwhelm his strengths. His legendary treacheries kept him always on the winning side  but caused people to mistrust him. Although he could always raise an army quickly, he was a disastrous leader in battles, winning only against a Spanish force at Tampico that was ravaged by yellow fever and later at the famous Battle of the Alamo, where his casualties were three times higher than those of the outnumbered Texans. His ineptitude was a factor in the loss of vast tracts of land to the United States and many Mexicans never forgave him for it. He had serious personal defects, including a gambling problem and a legendary ego. During his final presidency, he named himself dictator for life and made people refer to him as most serene highness. He defended his status as a despotic dictator. A hundred years to come my people will not be fit for liberty, he famously said. To Santa Anna, Mexicos unwashed masses could not handle self-government and needed a firm hand in control- preferably his. Santa Anna left a mixed legacy to Mexico. He provided a certain degree of stability during a chaotic time and despite his legendary corruption and incompetence, his dedication to Mexico (especially in his later years) is rarely questioned. Still, many modern Mexicans revile him for the loss of so much territory to the United States. Sources Brands, H.W. Lone Star Nation: The Epic Story of the Battle for Texas Independence. Anchor Books, 2004.Eisenhower, John S.D.  So Far from God: The U.S. War with Mexico, 1846-1848. University of Oklahoma Press, 1989.Henderson, Timothy J. A Glorious Defeat: Mexico and its War with the United States. Hill and Wang, 2007.Herring, Hubert. A History of Latin America From the Beginnings to the Present. Alfred A. Knopf, 1962Wheelan, Joseph. Invading Mexico: Americas Continental Dream and the Mexican War, 1846-1848. Carroll and Graf, 2007.

Ch. 15 From the earliest art to the Bronze age Essay - 1

Ch. 15 From the earliest art to the Bronze age - Essay Example The Peliolithic era coincided with Stone Age just before man starting herding and practicing agriculture. Other art forms that were evident in the early Neolithic era were pottery and the construction of megalith and sculpture (Emeritus, Preble and Frank 240-245). In addition, the chapter focuses on Venus of Willendorf, which has also been referred to as the Woman of willendorf. Made between 25,000 and 28,000 BCE, the Woman of Willendorf is the earliest female figure made by humans and was estimated to be about 11.1 centimeter high. The statuette was found by workman Johann Veran in 1908, during an excavation that was conducted by several archaeologists, including Hugo Orbermaier. The statuette was found in Paleolitihic site which was within the vicinity of Willendorf, a small village that was located in Austria. The chapter reveals that the Woman of Willendorf statuette was curved from oolistic limestone which, the archaeologist discovered that it was not from the local area. The statuette also had red orchre tints on its surface. The Woman of Willendorf was seen as a Great Woman Goddess and, the statuette was used by the local people for religious purposes (Emeritus, Preble and Frank 245-246). The art displayed in the Iranian western plateau was temples of massive structures which were constructed in the valley of Mesopotamia. These structures took after the shape of terraced-step pyramids; each of the terraces represented a level that carried stories of the people residing near the plateaus. In fact, the terraces represented the hierarchy on gods at different platforms, and they were erected at the centre of each city, state, taking the shape of the rectangle. It is believed that Ziggurats had a possible inspiration in the construction of the biblical story. The Ziggurats embodied the idea of the â€Å"sacred mountains† that acted as a connection between the heaven and

Students with disabilities in extracurricular athletics Essay

Students with disabilities in extracurricular athletics - Essay Example te in extracurricular activities is denying them the same opportunities as the other students to grow emotionally and to develop social skills such as leadership skills. Additionally, it puts them at a higher risk to be physically and physiologically unhealthy than the other students. This implies that they are likely to have heath issues that arise from not having physical activity such as diabetes, obesity and heart complications. To deal this discrepancy, the GAO recommends that the United States Department of Education Clarify and communicate the roles and responsibilities for enforcing section 504 of the rehabilitation Act of 1973. GAO explains that the Department’s Office for Civil Rights (OCR) has the responsibility of enforcing the section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 is a federal law and is geared towards protecting individuals with disabilities in all types of schools, private and public. As a result, the GAO reports the implementation of section 504 is not a choice for the OCR and must be implemented strictly as it has to deal with serious human rights issues. Section 504 first of all requires the schools to provide to the students with disability facilities that are similar or equivalent to the facilities that the students who do not have any disability have. To begin with, it rewires that every school district should have a committee made of experts and professionals who understand various disability issues including mental and emotional disabilities. These members of such a committee should also have a clear understanding of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 especially section 504. They must also have a more understanding of the procedures of classifying various disabilities. This is necessary in order to make sure that the students are not wrongly classified and therefore have them to end up in the wrong groups. In this regard, schools are supposed to be very careful not only in the ways they treat students

Human Resource and bussiness strategy Assignment

Human Resource and bussiness strategy - Assignment Example The standards and measures that are needed to be taken within an HR department change with every passing day. Thus, it is suggested that the diversity of human resource must be the basic factor of HR strategy for Ford Motors. It is because most of the employees working for Ford Motors remain foreigners. The diversity factor will allow the company to get vibrant and variant ideas (Gilmore & Williams, 2012). The career section of the Ford Motors is quiet interesting as they have a wide portal of job openings that can be searched with the help of search tools. There are jobs from entry level clerks to the product development managers. There are different job opening such as Employee payment analyst who is responsible for communicating the implications. In addition, there is another job opening entitled Administration and research assistance. For such a job opening, it is required that the person is able to understand the research needed regarding administration because it is responsible for designing management strategies (Storey, 2007). The job designation that I would prefer is of the employee payment analysis. The reason behind preferring this job designation is because it is a challenging job and would require a lot of communication. In a company where employees from different countries are hired would be a helpful element in undertaking the job. The position is greatly associated with the payrolls that are an important aspect to be observed by an HR department. Motivations and rewards should be designed after careful analysis of payroll of employees. This position is in direct association with the HR management team thus it can be interrelated with other functional tasks of human resource (Wilton, 2010). Work and life balance is the best factor that can be considered for achieve g competitive advantage. This has been focused previously as well as in the form of campaign where employees were given hourly off on achieving excellence

Consequences Of The Digital Divide Education Essay

Consequences Of The Digital Divide Education Essay The primary concern is exclusion; social and otherwise. Each year, being digitally connected becomes ever more critical to economic, educational, and social advancement. Those without the appropriate tools (in terms of PCs and Internet connectivity) and applicable skills will become increasingly disadvantaged. As ICT becomes ever more pervasive those elements of society without access will be further disenfranchised in terms of: Fewer employment opportunities Restricted access to information and support Increasingly basic facilities such as email, consumer services, financial services, etc. Reasons behind the Digital Divide At the most basic level the digital divide arises where individuals or groups of individuals have no or inadequate access to PCs connected to the Internet. It follows that addressing this problem by providing access should be a constructive measure in terms of reducing the divide. That being said the underlying causes of the divide are in all probability more complex. Research in the USA has identified the following issues: Income differences. There are wide disparities amongst income groups. The better off are far more likely to have PCs and Internet connections than others. Those with income in excess of $75K are 20 times more likely to have Internet access than those at the lowest income level. Education. The better educated are statistically more likely to have and use connected PCs. In particular those with college degrees or higher are ten times more likely to have access. Only 6.6% of people with an elementary school education or less use the Internet. Location. Rural areas relative to cities generally experience lower levels of connectivity. Rural areas in particular lag behind cities in terms of broadband access. Age. People over the age of 50 have been less likely to use PCs and the Internet. Less than 30% of this group were connected in 2000. Those over 50 and in employment are three times more likely to have access than individuals not in employment. Single parent families. Two parent families are more than twice as likely to have Internet access than single families. Further, the oportion in respect of female-headed single families in cities is significantly lower. Disabilities. Although 25% of the able bodied have never used a PC the proportion for the disabled rises to 60%. In general the disabled are half as likely to use PCs and have Internet access. Among those with a disability, people who have impaired vision and problems with manual dexterity have even lower rates of Internet access and are less likely to use a computer regularly than people with hearing and mobility problems. This difference holds in the aggregate, as well as across age groups. Race and ethnic groups. Large gaps exist regarding Internet penetration rates among households of different races and ethnic origins. Further, large gaps remain when measured against the National average for Internet penetration. Differences in income and education do not fully account for this facet of the digital divide. Estimates of what Internet access rates for this group would be had they had income and education levels in line with the Nation as a whole show that these two factors account for approximately 50% of the differences. Additional Factors Home access To the extent that the digital divide is a function of PC and Internet access it is appropriate to question the qualitative aspects of access. Internet kiosks for example may provide cheap Internet access and whilst appropriate for certain tasks they arguably provide a less satisfactory experience for other Web activities. The real question therefore becomes whether the type of access provided lends itself to the full range of activities available to connected users. It is possible that the divide will not be bridged unless home access becomes fully available. To the extent that this is impracticable an alternative would be to provide common access points capable of providing an appropriate experience. Broadband The digital divide is not just a function of access; speed of access is also important or is likely to become so. Until recently for most users the speed of access has been limited to traditional modems. Although modem technology has increased significantly over the last ten years and is now capable of offering data throughput of up to 56K bits per second that speed is a small fraction of what is likely to be required in the next few years. Unless this factor is recognised there is a danger that the current digital divide could be reduced merely to find that it re-opens due to a vast difference in speed available to some but not all users. In short the digital divide of the (not too distant) future may be one of access speed. Closing the Gap As indicated above, measures to provide appropriate access are likely to have a beneficial impact. Indeed US data from August 2000 claims that schools, libraries, and other public access points continue to serve those groups that do not have home access. The use of those facilities however is not uniform and they are more likely to be used by some groups than other. Equally given the complex nature of the underlying problems it is unlikely that improved access will of itself provide the whole answer. With respect to the UK it would be inappropriate to assume that the same underlying factors creating the divide in North America obtain albeit that there are likely to be strong similarities. Research is necessary (if it has not already been undertaken) to identify the true causes. Once identified targeted action can be taken by addressing the detailed needs of specific groups in particular locations. If, following research, home access was found to be significant element of the divide new strategies would need to be formulated to address that requirement. For example cut-down or recycled PCs could be offered in conjunction with community based Internet access lines. The infrastructual reasons for the lact of effective ICT in less econmically developed countries is the fact that there is a lack of secondary euquipment, suitable electric power, and training. This therefore leads to people not being as experienced in the technology they are using. Also, they depend alot on Multinational Corporations meaning they have to wait for the money then just using the money straight off. Also, it is much easier to purchase as you are buying a physcial package rather than downloading the package. Also, if you dont have internet access, this will be very useful. Also, microcomputers and personal computers have become very popular in terms of ICT because of the reduction in price. Computer-aid projects havnt been so successful. Extensive under-ultilization of equipment and major computer based projects have failed. It hasnt been as successfull in the majority of countries when it should only be the minority. These projects have failed because of the lack of secondary equipment, suitable electric power and training. Also, the governments of the countries involved havnt set up any strategic buying plans so everything comes in bluk or too little software comes meaning more or less people need training. Also, there is a lack of avaiable resources to maintain the ICT. Identified computer skills that are lack are; systems analysis, programming, maintainace, consulting, operational levels from basic use to management. The lack of buisness skills which are identified as a major problem is the fact that buisness are buying software which no one is trained in. They need to plan which software to buy, and whether their staff are trained in this area of ICT. Also, the employees have a lack of skills to begin with meaning they cant use the software.

Got Coal? :: Research Essays

Got Coal? In this essay, I hope to inform the reader about the variations in Pennsylvania’s coals, explain the differing methods of coal mining, and provide insights into the use of coal. Although Pennsylvania’s coal reserves have dwindled, coal is still one of the major energy forms used for electric power generation. Widespread use of alternative energy forms have not yet taken place, although this is an area that needs to develop further, if we don’t want to exhaust our current reserves of fossil fuels. Currently, Pennsylvania is the fourth largest coal producer in the United States. More than 69.5 million tons of coal were mined in the state in 1995. Anthracite and bituminous coal are the two types of coal that are mined in Pennsylvania, and they are classified as hard coals. (â€Å"Coal†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Anthracite is the hardest coal type and contains close to 90% carbon, more than any other coal type. When burned, anthracite emits only a very small amount of smoke. It is used in domestic and industrial applications. Bituminous coal is the most widely used coal in the United States. The uses for this coal type are generating electricity, making coke, and space heating. It is mined mostly in the Appalachian Mountains (â€Å"Clean†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). The heating value and the specific gravity (the weight of a particular volume of coal) vary with coal rank. Low-volatile bituminous coal has the highest heating value. The heating value of anthracite is somewhat lower. In the same manner, specific gravity increases with increasing rank (Edmunds 15). Underground, open-pit, and auger mining are the three ways of extracting coal from the ground. Until recently, the room-and-pillar method was the most widely used. In this method, large â€Å"rooms† of coal were excavated and â€Å"pillars† were left in place to hold up the roof. This method is not very efficient, as only 50-60% of the coal can be recovered, the rest is left in the pillars and is effectively lost (Edmunds 16). The longwall method has been increasingly used by larger companies.

Organizations And Its Cultural Differences

The procedure of specifying organisational civilization goes by the fact that the definition in itself is obscure. Harmonizing to Schein, â€Å"culture is what a group learns over a period of clip as that group solves its jobs of endurance in an external environment and its jobs of internal integration† ( Schein, 1990: p111 ) . All these develop over a period of clip and go a portion of organisational civilization and they are turned into implicit in premise of what should and should non be done. Schein farther adds that these implicit in premises are the cardinal to understand organisation civilization and their manifestations which he calls as artefacts and values. Artifacts are referred to as seeable points such as organisation layouts and values are organisation specific beliefs such as ways to manage jobs ( Schein, 1990 ) . On the graduated table of cultural values expressed by Hofstede, UK scores high on individuality, low on power distance and uncertainness turning away, which means British employees are based on single features, do non prefer hierarchal organisation construction and do non indispensable demand organized attack and ordinances ( Hofstede, 1993 ) . In UK organisations openly display of emotions and showing positive or negative attitudes are really rare scene and therefore are sooner avoided. During meetings, British co-workers will near concern with an air of formality and withdrawal. This sort of work force attitudes can be reflected with Schein ‘s three degrees of organisational civilization under â€Å"values† of how people think and feel under different fortunes ( Schein, 1996 ) . It is more individualistic attitudes and loose bonds between employees that make them more self oriented instead than working under groups, thereby constructing close relationships ( Jodie 200 7 ) . Successes in these organisations are measured by personal accomplishments than group activities taking to less group motive and togetherness in accomplishing a common organisational end. On the 2nd dimension of Hosftede which is power distance, UK organisations tend to be comparatively low compared to the universe norm of 56. One of the grounds that can be argued for low power distance is the equality between the societal degree in these organisations between directors and their subsidiaries, as there is a less stiff system in topographic point for turn toing higher-ups. The orientation factor inside the organisations helps to maintain a strong concerted engagement within the power degrees and this enables to make a more stable environment between the employer and the employee. This involves the implicit in premises that determine perceptual experiences, thought and procedure of different persons and their feelings ( Schein, 2004 ) . For illustration if we take an English company, characterized by a low power distance, we will happen that subordinates interact with their higher-ups to propose alternate solutions of a job or a determination ( Meier, 2004 ) . Relations hips between higher-ups and subsidiaries are frequent and they are considered like a manner of bettering the public presentations of the group. On the reverse in an Indian organisation which is characterized by high power distance, people are strongly linked with the thought of esteeming the hierarchal authorization and the obeisance of the higher-ups is considered the best manner of accomplishing the ends of the company. Here, relationships between directors and their work force are strongly affected, peculiarly with respect to the acknowledgment of the power. In this manner high power distance persons need a forceful director that tell them what to make, on the contrary, low power distance persons prefer a laxer director and they do non ever accept his thoughts or determinations. It will be a challenge of these organisations to unearth them as it would enable in constructing a better apprehension with the work force which would ensue in turn toing newer challenges faced in this dy namic concern environment. On the 3rd dimension of Hofstede which is uncertainness turning away, UK is on the lower terminal compared to the universe ‘s norm of 65. It is deserving stating that Countries with weak uncertainness turning away like UK are comparatively unafraid, less dependent and do n't experience endangered by the positions of others. There will be small differing of idea procedure within the administration and working together in complex undertakings would be much easier. For illustration if we consider Gallic directors that are characterized by high uncertainness avoidance we can see that they take a long clip to do a determination. They analyse all facets of the determination and seek to measure their determinations logically. So they tend to believe more before playing and sometimes if the hazard is excessively high they could even decline to move whereas a British opposite number, low on uncertainness turning away, would be more matter-of-fact. They accept the hazard of doing errors and ever prefer to move immediately alternatively of believing long ( Meier, 2004 ) . In this sense, besides subordinates with a civilization of low uncertainness turning away are more willing for rapid alterations than those with a civilization of high uncertainness turning away. In this instance, the challenges of directors is to understand which is the better scheme to follow in conformity with accomplishing the company ends and be able to alter, as needed, their behavior and that of their work force, demoing a good capacity of adaptability and flexibleness. The above treatment has shown that many jobs are likely to look in a workplace where different civilizations, behaviors, attitudes, values and beliefs meet. Directors of transnational companies should possess sound cognition, direction accomplishments, personal traits, features and motive to pull off a multicultural work force. The best manner to get the better of these troubles and struggles is to educate the directors about cultural differences in order to do the workers cognizant of the diversenesss and do them cognize how to be more unfastened and tolerant towards each other. Finally, as the growing of transnational companies has been steady there is surely an huge demand of understanding of in-depth cultural issues for guaranting harmonious and productive work-culture in every administration.MentionsHofstede, G. ( 1993 ) , ‘Cultural Constraints in Management Theories ‘ , Academy of Management Executive 7, p81-94.Jodie R. Gorrill ( 2007 ) , Intercultural Communication , transverse cultural Training communicating Group, www.communicaid.com/cross-cultural-training/culture-for-business-and-management/doing-business-in/British-business-and-social-culture.php # [ Accessed: 3rd April 2010 ] .Meier O. ( 2004 ) , Management Interculturel, Paris, Dunod.Schein, E. ( 1990 ) , ‘Organizational Culture ‘ , American Psychologist, 45 ( 2 ) , p109-119.Schein, E. ( 1996 ) , Culture: the losing construct in organisation surveies, Administrative Science Quarterly 41, p229 – 240.Schein, E. ( 2004 ) , Organizational civilization and leading, 3rd erectile dysfunction, San Francisco: Jossey – Bass.

Beano?S Cafe

OMPANyCaSe Beano's Cale: n Egyptian Flavor COMPANY ~car†lO'S BACKGROUND Cafe, one of the most successful and popular cafe chains in =~ypt. has branches throughout the country, including locations in ::† ro. Alexandria, and Giza. At Beano's, customers can enjoy excele- quality coffees, soft drinks, shakes, and infusion drinks, as † as a wide variety of sandwiches, hot meals, and desserts. Beano's Cafes aim is to offer its customers a convenient, relax-9 place where they can purchase food and beverages of a high :uality at an affordable price.The cates have a distinctive layout ,,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœd style which is achieved through a combination of contempo? ry design and warm colors that give them a pleasant atmosphere. –e cafes environment is characterized by simplicity, elegance, : eanliness, and a modern design. It is known as a place where ung people can gather and where people can enjoy an afford::0 e outing, listen to the latest musie, and use wireless Intern et. Cafe, and from other smali, local cafes. Despite these concerns in 2000, Beano's opened its first cafe in Egypt, introducing new coffee products such as cappuccino and espresso to the Arabie market.Beano's wanted to increase its market share and target a new segment-senior citizens-along wit h maintaining and/or increasing its appeal to the youth segment, which represents the majority of its customers. The senior citizens represented the higher socio-economic class; however, Beano's discovered that young clients represented up to 70 percent of their daily clients. Beano's Cafes higher management wanted to retain its satisfied clients while also increasing its share of the customer base. They therefore put together a new marketing strategy.REVISING THE MARKETING STRATEGY EY MARKET –e creators of the Beano's Cafe Group had wanted to open a -ew coffee shop in Egypt for a long time but they saw problems .. ,entering the Egyptian market. They believed that the Egyptian oopulat ion would not be keen on coffee made from unfamiliar, -ew ingredients. The Egyptian market was locally driven toward ::Jr ental cates, Turkish coffee, and shisha (water pipe); thus, 3eano's' marketing strategy was to introduce the Egyptian consurner to a new cafe experience.There was also fierce competi: on from other coffee shops, including Cilantro Cafe and Costa Beano's Cafe's management team knew through customer surveys carried out in their chains that 60 percent of their customers keep coming back because of staff friendliness, 20 percent because of the quality of the service, and 20 percent because of the overall atmosphere at Beano's Cafe. The cafs's new marketing strategy was divided into three parts: The first was 13 percent value (offering more for the same price). he second part was 17 percent quality (offering an affordable, quality cate experience, and improving the taste of the coffee), and the final part was 67 percent service (improving the face-to-face interaction with customers inside the cafe). Beano's placed the greatest emphasis on improving the level of customer service in its cafes. The company did this in a number of ways. First, management decided to speed up the serving process by allocating one minute for taking orders, seven minutes to make the order, and a final one minute 244 Part Three IDesigning a Customer-Driven Strategy and Mix modern cates were established in the Egyptian market; the focus was more on the local â€Å"kahwa† (Turkish/Arabic coffee), tea, and shisha. Beano's Cafe positioned itself as an affordable, modern cafe with a lively, entertaining environment. Beano's Cafe's targeting approach became youth oriented. The cafe was representing a new approach to coffee, selling cappuccino and java solo drinks like espresso. Thus, the segmentation approach started to focus more on the youth differentiated segmentation market approach.As mentioned, the use of a kitchen provided the company with differentiation over th e competition, however, Beano's also has a new advantage: It offers a creative art foam that is placed on top of the cappuccino. The consumer's name or birth date can be written on a cappuccino cup or any picture can be drawn with the because the mafoam. Consumers can even do it themselves chines are manually operated. This level of personalization, allowed Beano's to differentiate itself from its competitors by offering its customers what they want and exceeding their expectations.By satisfying customers' desires, Beano's sawa growth of the company and an increase in sales of its coffee products. III to give the table the bill. Therefore, the whole process took a very fast nine minutes. Beano's also improved its communication with customers by greeting them and paying attention to their needs. Beano's has an ultimate advantage that none of its competitors have-the kitchen. Having a kitchen allows Beano's to offer a larger menu selection. Customers can also ask for items not include d in the menu or can modify their chosen item.These options are not available in most cates in the region and impress consumers. Having the advantage of a kitchen allowed Beano's to discontinue using ready-made food and instead making every meal to order, thereby differentiating itself from its closest competitor, Cilantro Cafe. This enabled customers to modify their orders. It also permitted customers to create new, customized products. Beano's is now able to forecast real quantities and therefore store essential, everyday ingredients, getting rid of unnecessary stock of less in demand products. This method turned out to be very efficient in their storage management.Becausecustomer service is such a high priority in the company's new marketing strategy, the marketing department conducted a new survey designed to improve customer service. It was executed through the cafes' branch managers and administrated by a smali team from the research department. One of the most effective quest ions concerned what customers liked and disliked about Beano's Cafe. The survey revealed that customers liked the cafe's service, atmosphere, and quick response; they did not like the company allowing some private celebrations to be held, nor did they always like the type of musie played in the cafes or the furniture.Beano's bega n to consider how to react to ali of these reported dislikes from its consumers, especially as the competition was rising with both Cilantro Cate and Costa Cafe, In addition, other new cates, such as On The Run Cafe in the Mobil Petroi Station, were improving their quality and pricing to an affordable level. Despite making these advances, Beano's had weaknesses to overcome. The cafes were not located in the main, central business streets in Egypt. These untapped areas of business opportunities prevented the company from increasing its market share.Cilantro, a competing cafe, employed successful promotional tools to spread its brand image in Egypt, including high-profile commercials. Beano's could not match the level of advertising in terms of budget and instead focused more on customer relationship management (CRM) and relationship marketing (RM) To this end, Beano's introduced a customer loyalty and smart card program that enabled customers to collect points for each separate order. The customer could then redeem the points and receive free products. Beano's also targeted ali customer segments by introducing a promotional Beano's points card.Customers pay for the cards, starting at 50 to 200 LE and use them whenever they wish. The cards turned out to be very effective for customers who are entertaining friends and for family outings. Another area that Beano's needs to improve upon involves making the cate more family friendly-an area where Cilantro is excelling. Cilantro Cafe provides coloring books and crayons for children, encouraging families to spend more time in the cafes and thus increasing business from this particular market segment. OELlVERING ON CUSTOMER SERVICE As customer service featured 50 prominantly in their marketing strategy,Beano's had to ensure that once a high level of service was achieved it was also maintained. One strategy put in place aimed at achieving this was mystery shoppers, who visited different branches to monitor and evaluate the service they receive ano the quality of the cafe's products. Among other things, they note how fast and responsive the staff members are and whether the deliver on time. The mystery shopper, a regular customer chose by the branch manager, also evaluates the quality of the coffee served, the food, the environment, the speed and care of sta and the cleanliness of the facility, including the bathrooms.RESPONOING TO THE CUSTOMER As previously mentioned, market research carried out by the company indicated that customers did not like waiting in some of the Beano's Cafe chains and did not like its prices. Its response to the problems was to put more tables in the crowded location: and to reduce prices for some popular, existing products, wh E increasing prices for newly introduced products. Customers ais disliked the musie, which did not change over the course o~ the day, and at the various locations, some said the cafcs playec the â€Å"same musie for each branch in every vi sit. Manaqemec: responded by introducing new musie every couple of hours in Ci chains. To improve the brand image of Beano's, the company also OEcided to redesign the cafe's logo, making it more attractive to c 5tomers. More money is also being spent on advertising for ne and existing products. Most of the advertising appears in prin ec materials to be displayed in cate branches to motivate COnSUrT'E' purchase of the newly launched products. BEANO'S CAFE'S MARKETING MIX SEGMENTATION In the beginning, Beano's Cafe focused on appealing to the whole Egyptian market, especially young people.The first focus for the company was to create brand awareness, as people did n ot understand the word † Beano's. † So,the cafe owners added the word cafealittle modification that solved the issue. At that time, not a lot of Beano's Cafe's marketing mix begins by developing new produ _ by studying consumers' needs, and then developing and crea ~~ a strong brand. Beano's Cafe's distinctive design and pleasan c-mosphere are the first components in its unique dining experien ~ Market research indicates that the brand's most distinguishing E::ture is the company's use of the vibrant orange color for all ad E'tising.The company also stands out because it is the only local cc== Chapter 7 I Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy: Creating Value for Target Customers Smart pricing, reviewed from a consumer perspective . Updated produet lists wit h new menu offerings. 245 â€Å"†¦ :~ers desserts, which are prepared by La Poire. According to 3†³e's market research, 21 percent of customers indicated that =-:e-: was the most prominent feature of the cafe. ‘:==110'5is putting great efforts in establishing new branches : :cpping newareas, bot h local and international.The new 10=†Eas are Sharm El Sheikh, Hurghada El Gouna Resorts, and, =~ationally, Paris, France. –e company advertises its existing products, but in only a few =:=5: FM radio, on the October Industria I City bridge, and in 2;azines. For the Cafe's new products, it relies only on banners nt of the chain. The focus of Beano's Cafe's advertising and _+otion is primarily on the youth segment (ages 18 to 25). The -:-::>any is collaborating with the advertising agency Adhoc, – ::n is spearheading the marketing campaign. The agency has 3~ed out market esearch and has also designed and imple-=-~ed promotions. The company also collaborates with White ::_0 o, a full-service design studio that offers creative, profes_-al graphic designs and development services in order to deliver –= oest image of the brand to customers. White Studio designed -= com pany's brochures, logos, ads, and flyers. -or its principal advertising campaign, Beano's used Nugoom – , 104. 2 FM), and Nile FM (100. 6 FM), presenting creative ads –a: would catch listeners' attention because of their humor, :-unds, and clever use of musie.The company made extensive use ::-= orint media resources, including magazines (Teen Stuff, Sayyedaty, – =oer alnugum, Laha) and newspapers (Alahram, Alahbar, Almasr :: oum, Almussauar). Ali were very effective media in building . set and usage imagery. Beano's created its advertising in a simple . ay by featuring its logo and photos of its cafes to build brand s. vareness and invite ali potential customers in for a visit. The -::'Uthful, non-intrusive ads generated a positive response from the :c'get audience and collectively helped to expand the cafe's brand age in the market.The ads also give customers an opportunity :0 receive unique offers, making them memorable and meaningz: . II. Each month, the cafe introduces a new special offer; for example, in December 2009, it offered a special on American coffee  ·. th chocolate fudge, and at the beginning of 2010, caramel â€Å"‘1acchiato with a muffin. Those offers are the unique invention of 3eano's Cafe and are not offered in other cafes in Egypt. The of†er of the month is always supported with printed brochures, oosters. nd other ads that allow customers to get familiar with tne latest promotions. .z; Better hiring and training programs to ensure a capable staff who deliver more than what is expected. Better quality coffee: People are happy to go to Beano's but respond negatively to the quality of coffee. By offering better coffee, the company will be able to compete wit h the 10cal, classie Arabicffurkish coffee shops. By offering new, modern European flavors, Beano's will also be able to compete with the international chains (such as Starbucks) entering the market.According to Beano's Cafe's previously mentioned mark et research, the main source of the information about the brand was Beano's itself, and then the information obtained from its customers. Research indicates that there is still a performance gap in advertising activities that the company should explore and take advantage of in the future. Its future marketing approaches should also concentrate on e-marketing via YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, MSN, Google, online radio, digital radio, e-mail marketing, mobile phone advertising, Yahoo online display banners, satellite TV channels, PRand sponsorship of cultural events and musical concerts. Questions for Oiscussion 1. Based on the segmentation variabies, how is Beano's Cafe now segmenting and targeting the coffee market? 2. Discuss how Beano's positioned itself in the Egyptian local market. Also explain how Beano's differentiated itself from the competition. 3. What changed first, the Beano's customer or the Beano's Cafe experience? Explain your response by discussing principles of market targeting. 4. Briefly outline a marketing campaign targeting a new segment for Beano's Cafe.Sources: Adapted fram Haddad, The Marketing Excellence Handbook, BUE British University Egypt, Dar El Fekr El Arabi Publications (2008); Kotler, P. , & Armstrong, G. (2010), Ptlnciples of Marketing, 13th edition, Pearson/Prentice Hall; Grewal & Levy (2010), Marketing, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill; William Pride, & O. C. Ferrell (2010), Marketing, Cengage Learning; Adcock, D. , Halborg, A. , & Ross, c. (2000), Marketing Princip/es and Practice, 4th edition, FT/Prentice Hall; Blythe, J. (2005) Essentia/s of Marketing, 3rd edition, Prentice Hall/FT; Brassington, F. & Pettit, 5. (2005), Princip/es of Marketing, Prentice Hall/FT; Dibb, 5, Simkin. L. , Pride, W. and Ferrell, O. C. (2001), Marketing: Concepts and Strategies, 4th edition, Houghton Mifflin. FUTURE STRATEGIES As Beano's develops and looks to the future, it has identified areas where it needs to improve to continue and build upon its succes s: o Continued development in terms of the cafes atmosphere, pricing, produet, and staff. Increased investment in the branches and the equipment to enhance the atmosphere.